ࡱ> 8N679nhl4UHzoPNG  IHDRiaPLTEyUbKGDH cmPPJCmp0712HsIDATx^xSu6:HNCF ILqrlNH&9/NC5D,k5X4j1} dHjYζ0Z˂S We(2sv6-ct}ݿCaQR9 69mr=ܷlu@l}-׾k5@_zzB׾k \z;}1}  v^b&+p \5 LW'y틹kP5@Os 00^kPo/a`B=k_5@_zzB׾k \z;}1}  v^b&+]^}_> \5LW'y틹kP5@Os:\իEL&NR&#EQw6tc U^ymmcA/PtkWCI7'HK;]~x``MU5lNB3&GZԿiuAs}?p}o7G~׫7َ\%:v?~?_~>ot50-n@S6M0lQl~ho$[5>R5 ?%}Jk8}#9{;w@^̠hppp z95Tm*ڻ &TfuƂfH;>8'V}*馛鹟!]@񿾑7ps#sx&= ߟ"߀E]?DWМH 2.(M`{YF4Õ;46sm 8fx.ݠ rF(آtzuGr E5sL;iGc/߱n_oZ0շ^/Ѥ@lmZϭZ 07~GR%@* 0Wk,?[ɿ/h|Kl!/JUh0Ip6k: mٜf=9G[56jelPAj3by2lVskw?ꊋZ]{E=ErvJc8S%V#`ТBSRY*7|G9P8@M~.ՠjfoozo߲G _}k3 DUO,X.1??ҩGUs{Nj"p*{,*:vMl.˫$PzubXmtRcO?#18Om6[yD2:c9}uŵ55sj 7(hb-JЦm3^ۿcݦv,d_?R?]8!G ӣ/m{}BEb gbv5GVliFF58pfږSNZרtuZR`$6J4׿+к2_طp+\nyc70Ay͜9s0xZO )f7./M@m ޴`kg88\ O9FK:zC}|a0ߐ΄<Z*D@_էs91)\Y}yؕ[kl"2w4g vSov"丷hA;?6-/%]hEj|`8pCk5z+1v/vw9mfkߜ` ;c8ywRPV:/::BchS01ճO0:DĞWZLʒEx庵Cwհ۝--ロl2Դǰ;69ݿӴʱ8nj۾֑籫ʲg4΄(C>'ﹴܱZʜ&r])1ta绕:Ǔ1] _Ы~9rݟ짽>b\ lڨZ=;Pk׾wǕtB;i7p:}}bA J =`s~194a& Nm_/l"tԤI[+H(5 ehkH?CvS!ifIm}=q,:cL^"c [W.Wz_Tp_/skUUJi%%%7ϗ%˓LZWWV4Mv^CmZk^λk @o={ƌ?Y|eO<>ؽsM|S$(szO~.Aǟr\jZzNR=YRw5qFM'%K9N!r|  œ`t5?*#>6dʒ(pJ'JFe76ܗL{[M)=Aj?x꾿]ܥ}7o濼.qӂV~M~?a7o@ ZWo_cdR? F(UF"qh~(?$ ~ΝV%ͤrY/۾ز{ɀͩo PmѠe~wg4M~ez'Vx~w{oz71Y4迄Kgj~W\r$mM)h9n 4DT db5UA sS*LD3=)#::p |yTmh遢;n9bXWy ;ؽs]Am7owlZu3{P @]ܘw@I9Σeoz+\:vSk5fajLi$շQ>z6/z5I.ЗLy.۲!Zu1S}yeۑGW4vS 㿵!?mK[ 5̘ iݱlƲu_w@e7%, D %/s^\Х6ٞoSvKu[нjXqٷػɄJ`D;[OU!z1|O&JZxJј1 $*tl`kQrt:c[ڔm۶}κkӺuܿvڵ?;?n3׾v~u߽,ƙp8YA}P:nŞ snZr5 #?ڝ)ң['4S=J&I+J~s[' ՆMa'^^lW׾F  u}ϯTAlB sNqθreV `_猂En&Z73S!E*z;4ҝ [e=hT* n\95~2nj7 |%3M=jmkׂL'tM˰PxkMfq=?xu{A ϣ=E_ztLL* }u@a;]YޗPyp>tPK,*1py\3+˵G}nJ2qd,:?Pn :hg`vyI/Eۻ,Y`]K;VGxڌ_v@kׁD?_?[hPR%΁?]>Ќ+nJ } $ϘыTh_r(:16d`HѼUڈp%û\틾iH8ˏmM?s~ɜ9wt5躓)Ǯ{=;V-;cƲ_^j7j?}k׽܇ס@0 r-yv /m >:a~ 4 ?*tо_+D ь.ްE8KկH(S=GV<5~ھϕbmlT6n呕'#oUOvDc_վ+ks{CS n? т^xsU3(=@(ei;y3%4uysK@c Ry&W44È;N`x>E;կ+¾՞+{83w\>hfD[+pNTl\z ?IS:arRgL0n\'Ѿ-klrqHCXrČdr?zr/& _X6Xcehtחdw@DD}7@1Z_YazIȖj|_CAl0] SHB?Huf\'J7kyt9usU^\^.6e_ğg&T%|>+`³7"z1]h7 MВ ŭuW7=u.äpu;n{e gZsDuzQ@g=9|HϳOuռT3tPHӘhuPy8:eQS# ]H ʛ'կʵ.B0yVH`8~W\{77v)gk3XUܿRe D:޳f:v@nef~pӎf/_RW ɲU]'rQ(J`_!@` mrHFfLwXTnC-OvFCYJL$qF/wҮ%R;Kdt+|M\m gZMR}Ͼgj4Dr,7vhGo_cQg,U˲_ po?aD#X&|_ |GϾF_T,47˶ً^Ց6nj$ߴDʎiLWo)l]ҰN6|}oac€e޷o4_mmӶtpgϘ;Q 5V}]'%z8Ytġw.fS'n'rx쌵HW+rnm1 ѾWwHfҋx2Υ.23 ltΚL{2:76{6dξmݾ3.ڎ]7w@*Ɏ]nxk劾_] nqrS@c!Z 1ѵsfOBTql8VY{Gɿ30N%b;Y1_ԇE}I;vG]ɽ/~skk_hu^^~^HD&&RHhIrR$˪R W?&P44 |uJpAAWGõUanRÌrn@ȚnEWy,TSx+RO–tu`PT8Xǩn8N~ݮbfxѴe}]:b?V03 uI&w)H8_&%˕+LH'Cmc]Fd6ڛ4)ռM߫_-~r1;߄#K? $xnmgniq6Z/`AGwj245~jcB ־9md2m/oZvߜ1kle"uo?$_ }Yg M/K@IY3"D1t0j uo@9 Wg嫋k4ncJn4ur~&?*oyHQ6L^/r`譨vNwB3vڛŋn}];W=xPF|-Kj38#DɫV@]gBjXEzQEQ"c+蚣mI9rM &V =z=k^+:;a¿q{^xo>mm0L|yD8|@BYeǯФ{Z Aܕ%$~ITr :|W1*7,FQ{{H,N %Sͨ: rh'EF̡"6y>š[n뺮M|OvOoNbˁP|KE/ ѣʾz+\RQ#5\mNݒY0u34o`5xpپ˃ vd=`]KY{OE샖%P95-6@׷nq眚;g!XK 6{ŷI+^ປ֑dy}(Y'W|4 1:БW0j4,받Ncj.hjC&۽c9N QFouJEoI$ʣJeINcS.>H 6'13Gl|`<ߵܶӛӧ6ŋ/.R ܴvP7S*/~\"{Yϕ mLm%>H[cef;%1Nǔt'[z/_C`skd5[r_r 4lZ4܉klǭ8LOq-6MM~۴o2w܄@7]3A3tIjC^{{&u[;΄7J4*Vga&\R4v>˔m(cLWʢd;}RYFC zAa]]]v;mm^´ۿ/رW?!m_At8'nw8a76Nv`xှ,ѵ«k>\VhAm7-x-Z(2^ʤ3Bv*\WXH h Ũ8* 4i\1pqLjrfzEANPh~d~/o,6eǻwO}WXE}WozVaGJU]'rn#R05y+\ڢI[ڭI;,qEp&zc-M jC sswz6ٱ8yü G9 RX:mtᩩhmLrx3;O`M/[,u3~04wÈ+WuŸbJ|rÞWx!} !jj5+4&rjsرib4=-f 9O1 ž?0q:]_,ԛ<v~ނ'fxW=Uש'RK%2 *cߍogv*Psj21WMEvQA}+;wrow޽&S_fvx3hM {}xpl$^3YH+?}HJqrTcK{.х[8dֺxW I ɭ9WmvqN|-n}}+˹:^9;;ױfWugN:啧6#gŎe;},YD#:q661Zw*_!@D;K°lVdԨ>jW'PYb' ڬ UB4Ke\4J )\s6()BwPhoZrYmәӧN]gWݸo~|J?W,p<_3>]E;ijjD9iUwiy*%HZ- LIcrlK9gp*[ctkqa!nXwZyJi }Ń;m־dd3ZJ>?twN:ւek-xg:B"$@#݄8^py\8KM(Wι}χevԊJ/GB: >\~uF^-|(,8Z-Ċ# .9Q&خivHŅ)?t*n]ܴ |c^E p<hrlT9@_EŽnr,}v9\V~O_CxqUp'7˄A)[2H"Dv=̌ey8+sttCr#ט md,l*fϞ/I!MѠc$y.ȣq߷9ו A#+ZiGn"k鍪d2P縸yO] EP<} ΨHG A낭U,ȋȣLE9*~IĸVTbmǶ;kh[ݴ`7`e x.фs|M_1,X_ZWBG0l:Uh4kx_L\/]*44  ՝)Y[slRt,Q6(+I&ˢ{kk^tP>}IE, QH;#{Mn_`Mھ]ek___ HKm ɰpL4BsUIr{./Bg|E }DQV]l2xIMf3)UͶ$/y孺sd4gRWVm%ymr>[(~l4Dkv&S-?sꔳ}Ӣu"~ŷ-28tEgi~aPlr!7w.AvANֹY:hUAl)O\:ahJT %?y4ͦƤ8Fps'|M[mB Ů6R6jg5`<xڷ-Zˋ#%zu :~ WpD_&zl9Mf hجA<,LyZ,no@DFJ!R|b 1NtOG kju8d²k.vSOMo2;BoD3d= E@7+i4?JEyjBe|GW8[XS=T=TEcÊV0Z?쥤F6SOcYՏ_9w~4a}3K:#ȋㅪV5Ugnuf]^=j_sBXM 5_h9Mv@wG,{l}^(v{zY<!TJmIYTOf}pE=7: EudZ}t A͹؜AnK*;w_D:X@꽐BV;-:Mzg]moNۀg`x&cECʸʗ ˼ n9n@[ ljFA<$h 4b⾤v+]XXbFM)JēwKqeZ*ZQvԠ1H wւ;Y?L[Ip:Bc\ӦsPؽ?jSomEo.Bcp3z!MWP!4qTjrI9V@vtlZTe84A"ᅾ Kg7*tkH/ϗ+ y\\?lUl}7fׯXL{uoq)-z Iǩpt -!i~FA`) lL>>}nfӦoN2{K#[͟FJe'&29e> ~wл!8j0#ZDFrgG"0Xo1 ф6.ʮ6SIJ`eG=[*_ Ie' %7o c3(ߋY{;`~yoO>kYpn$BXx(|..8g?rXW.#J:aAQ>4# 5Dw,u!;w B@g]$B/O&;i:hyYǭqs @t;7߱hm?㵩S^9krR%Ɓ+{*̶X㶿9b!}4_ӏeXYJ*Pp 6V4R8~`ծ~NbQ&;vS6Ry1F6фH03 jR-ʳک *Z]]7,hRI1ζ9$1P/ƅwK@4v%laHf#^_07ĥ8ZLt)noUtҊ@e+oRgڔLF^"3+1t\ʄurfR=ssĤٮqziשVߵ{Ի$ NےCIveM&G,Tյm+ 3 9sS!v3Xcz>Lr hf\$z~Ўa@qy|qڀY?S6(jk# [$ veOd姸y|@Tmp+x9FiA3!^n{T)+vr}3ủLY!*48cX~B{N{9p7Qp8 k*ҡPjs *ebjxD#%xN@9=cDlMQVjN9p"Nt:sCMNSd[Q]֌k=ÇɱpT8LA=-;N1Qc]C9'ZiI>(9]ҡnET(XO=ѼƦ^IWyrpN3)E@3Q!}ruUTLek?,-K '5znw  :a~=@gs&}8?~xYQa! VFc9k~.t\0/W{N0o04 v>' B84H㢯Ri̬NqL%׻Oo&9^9<+H4|bMǣ'*_vBjBڷ!rxdϬ]]׻zml'zԷ#zXXcto}+tҪ%q 9 Vp:+œ( t2)JMlYB-}CdS@*g#ʘ Y"2aUTDN[VaԻY#$w҉>wj`C:FQX>p&0@j$ =^1lYwYt֥B1,).ʯg 7xH3=fC҂mFO Jmug[JBK>Yz" U`bW1hvEN]Ȧ8mS}.  FTҸ#QwҊd|yZWtBc9!ڎZf+B_V$*U\sI7Й>ߒoZڞY=yH_cƲ =uD:6^\qʨ ceLL2qSp$*后$OsᅔPдʳ8ͩL.iҠ&:ܳܛY%Ɨ<-n.X 얕2+v6O*՘fa Eo=)4N%'5Yۦ>0ЧDFuHnkʒ mqq,&g'/q\W&SFV(@PeVU2LNt1k~2"y璨1{M=/Oh]#NxvINkޮF/I~$d2vڦOIaT ],}"bsM͌K‰yGB"d6 `:l-`Hoţ$-)Sg 3'аQVK1 ;fdtiAٷ,J(G:ԋ5jҔܖ1X|.Pɇ+414ȶ9)Y8E3xU]۽qz~h.+4- *4#Zih{bUP\<,K7ӽ]X[|b2< xq¯N>yOL/ؒ\ѪOlAls;dg9-XG:]8jeοE=@4:wݽp4*$,MX ~܍Ni#j|^MpuZd$%ɚlT1o@])?5E2\y}ָnIb yf }G9\]1 ([aK(ۭ)dׄ%\wNcS)/Z;5Y|!R%@Bh8hɉtY;xq˲^E{˯OR>\N?7Wa],o-KCïش/?L^3FD"7[mɍI ɖ>&VQv3e]:=鐣Wn8MZ|ҡOnB:ɇ>tsN+Dg[*49pkE96} \}dJOmͦi5kGK<&hL[;3󋥂ۖ25 AN (oKҫ+޼Y::ͲMjAZOlӮ0ɰޱɳձ툋o۰eܰb󴥣K-P꣱'){4ṧڽű֐Ӛ-=*4!D'",8<"B'+DA“7l(FK %ciQcKuU,֜΄~ZJT}EOϸ(~iկYZaYMoѤ kON+ `ֽV|h҇;H(Zb,HT?PhLxчK)J o%d,fq Cї2$y+-MN^bO$UȆ(kOϨKO.-աTCja~ʂw\/ B(`p@i\Pr3K\\8帪.%m֥t8,Qwj@Ü&w݌X>PSv:|4sypVF+%TK;4؆ݨAW1!YĂkp̵q:+Nzqpf-GFKl \NџuQ#!K@{ӑ q'$p7@`TtFo#ɋ0]3m%ю[FZ1Dke3{vN|5l,#@0ۤ=tR.ZDgheM$a1^B:ff0SKs\R5Ńr 3eEgza@0`zbp=F{a@g2G/?Q~q pTv.;Lk) cVC!a+3Cw|zqwhl`Q4Tg``8&^$C/\0>QVYph4tS(-3TaX`V꙲pABn(I ,\F=B /ybb8t˓r pMh3otNxg0|4LUok&{ ƄieꑎGZ54+eʠVۛsmp 5Sak?E73`!X8Th2FDB:xxoDTѹ(%UΔtuU#ehWߣQFtRF ZT\pPݭ@EG#z* g4]]$8ВO6k 7jL7ܱCVu̔, Dђ쳜c}/d7}K@/1GDx()ь%coW<ʮ@LN=,4ŹRz^56}<8TġV.fDRܯ7*}hqʉo!rÍa!iDnFѨ)ѣ?ns =[X^xF9L?seda˪F{u5)|K}.Za5qe﷤)Xga.\|8\V,Km[x_ah(EިQ1XQC`!)}c: u.D? ݧp UY zU#%z|cr6s:_]T׺gA: h;^uC:bI֏¸Y6~&!9maH;5mlM-`X++U6_;<ϛޝ6oAphX4qp_' W?'y޷\i A,D+Ye2O2j刳ޑ Djk?VE`\L ;g~Bd3fL #vq!OM$ Vʡ!&CFh9sLvuSjdD?ɥ'OG ?<"&;ҵ1%\l`%os|IsW䶹tzJCHk"lK7c<D_-eô$WrAh;W'dh7WPU>RQַI9aV-t᠔f))p,N(8TM4@K zDGF+y޵+/Ir h5@f(u9a#@Ĕ+7 !Rۅ55^c8Ϲ 5=rJDž>,ʬ&h;lC0+ȻV֤A3ʫ<*S!Hq}gRclcKyM/W_ʳĥ@\@cGnV%.½n.Lu|}2Bs,<"qMcݕb[o.{IC:4ARhA (thA߱~hIJցh9$p kD$5GנK .їz/q$*>DN>iRhF,R }a U~UBp%6j s~ /Pf2ei6m,3 ʔ5z#9bPp5N :Ⱦ ΅uufU(ZvIwH ol~OoTMZ![0lc[.j%Fڂ$|Mjuǵ㡙~1MK3^9Teg ڒtYѡu-er ik݅JCMPz;dfO6@} 'OwO!٥¬Qۍ-aIzdmeT*%~`.mQÀ`EoB[EXc."}xf2TJ{.H@oVt2ԣhe|W?X, ]5-U ģ/]…$S{h!0۸$<qZZa 8.nv!{F/7I:hrӐOnX[Vp$H#,a&k#pB3b/DN8!9vKX`!QRт_|>x# )#v 7V%Gdj档Bgِx"][0)l 56WaKp3b!ٓ4D>o7,5%J@ܕՒQ4v°ѲD"곦9"=6暫<3+2Y:SePGphzFU/PMy(Wԡ6c"w: "UPy j;Ƀt~K[cNcv常ݕ.'Ff~@BӏuXr3Z`* p>GC?;pX8*gEԀJ4rUTpU ɲA+CFJkIdMS&4vP*5-he}gB5JۍD$gKc~~ Ҝ;b *4)*O1=>ERQD8M>L\—+|ɓQ6̾JV|~P[rBdۥY=X+tw3j C6cܲ'ލ vV^r6cdGV~tD_A}Ou#_vA3@4>?mۅÙp ZM3 UU:x8.13DL!%#آ gʆ-؅I7٫7v(Ȁ(s8Gl4X8vx/&&Ag9ԣx߷bWU'yG5$43Qv~_QYV6~ÞF:YƸq@gkBY%TK~htH$jECHKcI';O;~vy%ᘤX(HͼrZiE 97ajHJJ^{O!IQN|fha JnphDNnjR;{/QDׅзad"DC@ A9`Flg#6gS҈VV&¡,=ĢWt /ir 9jk?W lz{lY9Y,+zY*$FiF7ߴeQ|y:*{ x"24/X[ AԫT WL vD &znSfm7, ђu\ٛ}Dy fjap U)X2 TlXe ͨTHx^iԪ'%Պ*ꖡ}"jf`ڪ&3?4;n46HȓDLY Q'ܓ~a?'0G7#Ҽw~c|dzTltO$| cnxD$u9jw CO "g1jc:-Ȧ4Q=}sҠm|g=':fKBpHY.2ӽi5nMf.DF) tAd\q`q~zdUsO5HnL} =Ӊ0\nIҤЂf^#Ag}5 G nՔ9 Vb\KDYŚaCyiA1<Ƈvx3nw4%TQ:kzdzNxee&ߒ{҈"Ipe$!yؚcx"!z"]Уa;]hpܮGZ!vV;S:t\ RfqUHqO cەƄoilvM%Wevы0ԣPyo}5؉u/bV=Sw` 8MNs 7ǂVFf5,9sss~*RNV[V5Ѣs#:S|>*]q iK !3YVkג#Cvz" ! ٸޤzGo~_Sa. ^f܌ g:Xv^,C1NE"[~g" uEm[e6j(9!SDmE,VhɯQ1,\= dט~c4MI,zx+׷KDTWb$2 H7yx D.1sMzV-x<\^흯L%[J`hc>Wj=B jMJn,z [/CP]CAP;Q@ְjla>Ω;U\eҗfd4.c7k#;lfH|gCzIDISu 8 sB,ڥBu>D V8 %@PQ9GV=z*KjXJCt.#ssAܬtO+썘|g)ԣ{#Ow&>>Z VtGcYYYZNqi6 ,4\uöSd"A(1`nw/E& C&+R7vCn(,. }n1ǟ]tv}ވ9yLqmmӧ{ޢH}ɔfldx cЩIZ3#$dِzdh^{A\ p"D6Uc46j3"ΠסAvu[bK1&q~][@31~1BJI$~bLV>8B':MW.+7ںY3<`Y8A]mamL|Q%-Qe}+^Bf9Q& 3Rf]ЈfM| Wsgw NBML8|d0hr,h,o~|Υ|{!b$R}^9zhNU=-F3In6c*Xܝ=Vڬm=5F/= @r6Yvfi-) QM[9)[hxS;F Fټz~;NLe,@ES=Ҭ.Q'(s!cշskzPXcm29}hБet\ F& \j2>ʶ۴jaJ^JJA@UIRa: (t-Lǂ&,$Y`\(JeͯaH?8  -;2Bf75]O'y.)Rp,.ZB3d:#4%*}RVAc?Ს6 jAWLhde,/(8>cN,=js yuء vLULvA f#5fkƌZ LVN}ݯdI4K+#qM=i|J"3z8mm -Ÿӥ%gSp.n @eh%hh":)- $*)t؁ˍ{:M) kLmV$kpi GH6zKJ,?1} =A grYMOGXZA}f{`:=W>9~|NQqDRJN*O6*f;Q@oPʖ6hIt(rM5rG Aþ_Ru!t9g' (ѯH..PⷔK1 H=˥ȿfX=gnmFyݢ"p%F_ؓVw=b8(3xu55:~O!#[L&M7('* 'E{چ:FFjwȁ 06$&L|unšdkvd=>l-F7ca&18Ѥm7KE;mlGTT`R|,eU=kZUpՊ~l`h6fԤ+qC=Z A&v!jѦ>Vo':йֿV]𲹲m2>9ϖ$/97=f΃|Bֳ&W<o SWմXʻ`c X <t $EGp'E$[ٷo0[Zg;q诜ؐդf5K/VT}pfpg 6N@3o)oG&7b{"OHfu$vA ɡ]Q :^~Bg94l8ijH[aV)RMn:7`05o}M~K#߫p^B#>L%iZɯvEeQt?Ŋ!NߔΨY;uY~PtL7؅D-V'49GevYd0h( d0k/MV1Slxmݷ)!@z?&L (!L\m2n-KpWoYŐh'O_j.fE'mg%@jAh!qx>mI3|:Ѿ7#nnƞ--ʣXr*6 v(vw\/gndfj ,B7y8sXMvf퐅5hLV鐬9$sE6=le0V>gf0珆yK@ZG*@wь zFK&c4gf= Mj|l% 梩H9)?ǿ6/n&mLC :Ҙ}C `F rɜBIz?L nEgV&9*4GGBgQ+Х-a.th$u3d*|jw0\5Xʥ mCxW*ѴsJ+a95hM+T֖x8E?\133CK- vuj#K(L zzcܭ8 fLƍ9n^zB@*ɓ`zhj&4܉.{,f9xW8ϥ nîr h]ƌѡIkX&7`n[m]ߣш* v96~+ڣQzMWݱ0/aoˆ} |8jG{G{Ӌδc{@4,8] ݠ7ׅ#@ 8J~`}imV&he"9ιpEsw:|r hBkAk#7z,Dn Na=16$rU_%OSjer1tQUV6.5XkxEf@Dhadh>wX[n 8|+<r@DO[&Z qQ'g g3?:d3 ̇mSP'ުmlgMKy ܓeWl]!2+]VVBɆRNvuƅxM;FDa3鸻9 ȟ_٤Т&QIxur3(N/ac=Ei485#Oy8H9U'$(eEA4*8%hwi P(z)ڑ7^Pa 9X ͝]Z|dhgr.)$t,N2G64Z:f-4Ӷvuޜs hi }ta HB )?LS\RhAX V5>eU\DNȨIC[{YEW0̃]X["lGw2Rw\JkqV#TW %[yph=詷OK4YÒ$~g[?׭͛!MZwQ.-mmu q ~Q0ݮWC== iv;,F!] r0(dR9W}ڨV}diO<2 dg5H'*bР!: p}*NShݱ'_oЎwEfdp%z؅txYm|y28߹feF a՝a&_|C [g!*͈ș(Om*˗\} єsPW@MtvFcDGb4F#!h4gۭFPwT}z$uq[X$)DԶs5!VH3.*o16Ù4j@?$_}p:ZE+K²WH@uf{wt$հS q0$sS;ap/Z!,Dq,~ʰN" do,5xA?@9߱0_U.}jN8e QQ:dwYD+<9n+r1655%d3Qې5%b7L7_הjIʾ Dlgv %NxH:3&[==+tfd6YRXґSFd!9aX(~#5z\hHD _'oI4©6T^8- _4T\VU挼y`ЮD(v'eO*-o,_R(+fozϒ=* f6 4Ht MvdVp^쇟_Cp xw4\l6Ν=,'Z]s\:f{)]fC*܌ѱA(!M&MHoL36R|S;wmэƂ▲[ԕpۄm,2M&.4QNۄ,&g  !G2a6tɜ p8:$ݨ4Xf$wߌX5t0l}K1v3J._blz<0*4(GcՖ&ہK R[w3maO8ڲ{,XT,) fI 8=ŧFә I=fKlbpjEeu7i[;,Q+hہE# B,b!S9;HxOG!|#s h3S7+  tvTf>dULLpC=Al,4s6? eG6_SPxJ[>( ݐzu6 K0m Mj= loj궃HK؃jr4 +Hߒ#}c"~KoiO,z;p'zGg9$Qa>9t~trR$Ѓh:;4cHтp? <@`~?SVҶ7+ v+Ӫdo5L )tm7 86nZz3tH;zr.{wWwR71PΝ"q|w%$3`8;\Vh43B[ "7#n0HE+J&ihVoK@ID &7Su˙R;5$Ѷ򬗒?~CqT|Nhydr-(ۺ?3TLSPZy Üu -ry}QQBD#Br6T8t#?*gq}mj4S%HGBգhXND9d=Br]O`dc'|e\OY^d([x'Ce F~,ߢwG+)2*%v59m{I%oGH}BV=N4JFblDK׈.+k9cҤŷn.+ybT J@=^T>C4AlesO+ֈ|%S6* l f9tB|Q͊`SoKjv큁yvPI'JP1IY 7IR2Z9' =nV}NDK< 9PgH#<Ke9t, p@yϥr1PڒF|U3?T|-GCЩ@,Ʒ)[Jɩ7F,VrR Ay:Μn&};8tP :Q'aW,~FHd)cp)OH'PM8|!>pc͔$JYW$1W a4.v\%r>*9Zeѕ ·ъxr==%T뷒vFN~ji Fv}PtqPOoX,{LhnB O s`Ro7iE;8[t䵚#fEGe0^AGV> Q1J&w;j20/w̕@ޢ"ROo_!Gi`!쓔m6 MҰ%/I F u*$w(TK ˏ;BVuCr5bpV>NhW~%ƣ}#~ v0$"R &7{=0f zR:kzv潦V?I FW8 R$BAbD,eEíhbNH6t~']y%T*螻8 Dl+,~SmTln|zn-=2gڢ2e2ƴR%vÙcu%Ce;텙tO$RKXV ҅rl1wNGD" 2[R  g$IA*XD>K"pa zEoR'?hFgyerǙjGC1솠,k)±)f b9TccVc‘f[W#E;@$rv=uLbҮ7Q{7G";k̩@MMpi!9B}9(A @g#8h %AZ"#H,%|&ѹ4|0݆(IuƺSWchJj*I͝[;YՖ5m0tJcՊ7 0 \~)5źE8ӄy>xV45գ:30 @nPWGљ,*WAI @@g+4iDO&nG"8%ΑumI,g\[39Ʈx?׺;kyeBsH!b?H~dRpf~f2nqK3fר`~ㆶ$ =Ѱ"1`j [(vH\Xsw>SX;|tkK(8-aRNE9o.])fp02e);c:2 % !q!*;!_iN+f_1X,R4=*~7*t--Mc3[lQj- ,cb >JS%(MW"A:$L#suj kj;uo8 ʃA:^48ǎ9)+ IZ~=o4 #=ڸ#F:] Hs h)yZgB+H7cs<*4(uR݀C0O)>.'hNM.E˼r8/<~|α)'`#@z1"A?p̾Qq ivM(h >äsAýq<(\g%dlC!~_$!,z$9UE^yw 1.(G>ܸ06HMD"0F"f~4ۉJ.͠[G:>YfHOƣO; NcRGJ ottId `[)j~J^TuF.[Ua~4U3`"r^"/씣0[>+H L\H{Hz4{0dmU|Ф2Ќ "'l9JM$ +荿(B^W-Iaxwh6֭`0(\s3*TN`xQQ`]܁*osB9ƉNJ8 F R>REK%z K8Z%ґs u9\ &BsLCڰ%gk[}P]|>r>3yt&9lBa92WW.W{8ӑȋViiktg;hc5 iEzC΁BNyӕS}۴EҢ좗g=uG7ec?#Jt^(R'z<;Yt.+4/1FafqG>K$]~ &RUTV6FK6,W3_pX5"iI\\+&͹ș"mhj}iԫ9~F)C#&k+&߈ iPR'=uG`ѣ#8%1lweW\ڼY aԊSnhQXU0@,m )RXp@'l&Ad|_aTjIn3:Ez4:s뛽[=zdrx'5R" E'rV?p,>:oI!΅T(VF9ǘ9ǿ;>O.{ [}R.D^D9|FV ~KyQ+dJ0dY0e;cS+l4Ez[U`UrⷋkTP'iP1ZèbOBPѤ@ʔg@>4~p iOvT@:)+Q+g|Rx@iGu7,/+ z$`7^Ҭ)mӧFN4fLGg+D sl+_m a]8٭dYJLQT{jk> 3S%9Y?nҖy3-&!͹QXS8'V7XU|?kkuoׂ @Tɛ13@rq1F,cOA0 =|+šQ!,d%;\=l{.9FVƿW;}]Zb+o^1mCA#a:^|EsÞL- /7S@ 8H/};bM,MrLNR2-q1=Oy>9<{( q;-2[(\| te9C5qɩ<6+&/iO z^Tg. 0I x8xGY9}ŹPC >l}q(Xx`;.]"r)xBY $*7oE4yIyNW_D4*)cJyEb6Y,vu5UxC4C;FnWr*y Zm2Aۼ6D藠W $y%'6 ~ VF/X@^B]\ `➄F䙘|)&QD#3Xo }$̑-:-? 5M6dL6(B[C!CԜ`e\ZNJ%'J8X0oƭ~9e=%:̯q$1`ypNR HX) w>wЊ G}q\ r/VotvyEYPP#X,Dd$SW.2@H} /p{ѵ@Q5ܾ}{G"O]G;rmCdzޜ)? -׿lv$+A=3|XAc9\kQk4$h |d!83CQ{t.mhRVxɟ> 1)05!Fk߮h v2:܂`A]_ToA=S}rF0\sD K/-cv/j=bd}.dz "&ʝMT7%$Tn6;tꋣn; RNx #tUjtN{&'+ T/qE^0)D$}l]ā<) K8 6oAIXP`T"HlB+K, %o;N'#Uyy'ĉ+n^p!3Jp3FE r{S.Sb Q=lIO2\HSpCGOϟՖFUKW毼iPG8`\';VNrZMs+{!%] pNጼl) =U;! aw=.+mz;^LZ[fRRnw.>B/ltR@ڷ%]%uf N/xEA-5$t~qpI$VW$_pm"fuj!iӛRZ, j\5X\Z %97,(J|x+Sg BXr8!;`˦Re>8t+8~g PO?VxI9/fA)eF0XZRμJ St$%kt:쀭&fWeZU-xl__)rJ&ڽ,Ѥ+䐡u6hՂę\M`֨>MT$rOzz; !ݡYBrf+\ow 3J{gVqpm+hnlm㜡#VU:]d|hәv7M~n*W4:$>$ɠ[{?9<LK2c^&\\ʶ[4WﭞujuW(-`͹%n0rr\ 6l9P\܎kV( 2w!uXbxt_=r=;(9C?Y:aݺ^o6-Ś#+E PiWZIl;/fa+Bu:mv+9}Ҥ0VԀ Wfd EZUl x3|ӈª1ۅ'Q>Q _¥p݀|6q4jއ!ߛ'͂6ӂ%! zP(Zs5x|3gႂ_+&$Uٸk__QZ^f⥈aRf.y1FjŢI\ThnxX&#/=wޅ†ib8qfh\ sl+|opQ3пዻxN,hۭ?J$Mgl ;UbH4.NGA.,x[JIoi_lP/w7-:l䖃Jq3w)%fi'+`4|dܪ.JrMW ^-*n=FhX(E$d8g݌A ]r'd&lhI#GBr4Q>>\rΣkëiTo:s:MфG\W=#0ÈZE-/x8`^ J`!VtSELptu$Rɬr励dd9 ۧ[ oOSVb[Lxo$$%,dkPf^>Qմʲ-E+ga);l&=iӸ&=ҤA3\x ot.&]A<w1FL!R2[m/7_*?&-ۅ[o㯭 #:49֒)Xfkⶲe?[= +Gr{K9 fET6=b'M*sݕgv $(MUzhiotWw!T?l T^jj?DJuRCo$ݻ-8Qc * WJ "dq UJhf^ L^P:pjHMO?uh~de4rC 3)*ucᚯn|moI-kŝjFU̶DY,>*ThEa6d iઐFWmL3Y7uȮ [Q\6,̊3ʗ@ Ul&)-%ie$S[{ޠHľ'm@>r r\1Ռ}fjes?r;7U)ę`D*Q|[Z h4Bk6/)igF,~/3ȣhV0B0s"*X1^Й^i } WliMJ'p(]DvD!F|P>rEgsPwDjQ"+hJkOtw[9BֵOb2I#r^(d`m&@Ht#:`wQQW͈2GI) Wk^ )x AT5!hТo8 BdemPYѓatNK (Fׂ7U|nIӤ}Itr/yAI5',;\-"L^y]?տGsJ0e; Leai1RY[zYyI#_7-- ߚ&Y! i-$h:~o`e9A)3E2α h-o1z1M̫Ol#sXqT-Uk[J* ]hsX]~.ЂljB-!p8toC m,L©rEiOR{Ȏ qNSNWO{K-=Ӹ%dBpx>dqa[D~$ґc6 :4n'4_L,c ̠W~~;lZ`E_b0?RJ !$ leLPRۨic*޽%59NTnc[/fNsYB>Om^#SGޭ?GBF@w=ہ́~c  +atl: R{sEg̈́! 3ǝ'sHu s6ec C"8%C3 `mR*0_pD^ct_A9uBd|h,~+FATp}#6^Tѧ$otޓޅ}4Ӡf塇P̀Re!btk IYy9r;fAn6)#E.wg7C#2k7vk1BB@Hm {S֔\ +thqߺ%*PmVS4.&/j֣*E)Sq.-bKta{;v̚'sPaV2yX'g6A}sdGp*lgFyTv)!x@X :tLH0yV*xsop6}$ E+ hWbWD.-_jeYzm5%ѣڼ]GEo NY 3Xf 8w;o{ '.nY-h\N$[LTBKMM Mew%^%'k^e{$aKhC4rt;0;kGLZʶ˔U3 :lܢ<-쉼{ٟh:ϯ/:maCU=|1s4V E7d/}PGIz6Ӄ J[.7>i{&+~ds ׁI ,-d-ǑQСِ#ӟHW{j/Z$k3(N|IRѢ1E(ag@n +DN4mg۾S?/‚5=g_K4:@}KyBɟuh8I??Ą cޡafAs YrwU!%pEwT.tZ^& څ'~yΤ6n7zDy z+EB qM͚`; />^Z[JʻzG:t:4,߭څ\10B4tdʀA9p)pSzdT+>7>'CzKrҨ>F %iA3=lIٜ:aSjnOfmdEF(æh1Bp3|`/m5F4pDqx'$;XӬK_ZSjdX.n 'U4Lߞ}bbM1H)kVoޑnwCޔd?}#wlvh'c fYЙÉRas9);rE[MJ5qg덤mH`2ך"^FpU}Xzv0AwII ǒNE7` v5o3}8foIdBJ ˟_eH2ӛ`(:w9K!oB@&qACDUYw:4N  GH;GpXQGj^0Hq*"ɢ91~AuܥWWcqXMʱ`?3Hww\24VTX'no'zPBكT< pƸ˴q'?I/HYT4s"a2MO&#p)j9& e4{vQf5^)'sGgaϴQfzlf 'w_LegZg@85EɃMr,,%)~l+)s輄\G7 rsw$ 8nN6T^1ĴէԶP\RCq͗Z銊iŠA;*hw{V~f!nKQR忟m 9M5SADl%Gӣn/ջw!C}VVY͉v8)MD(8"kRq/sUKV~m4tKz@ܫnBAb8 wo[#o7]I9}x T9Zm!DHpk!#'L0ӵbZTb^Ճŕmވ ET_`e1dZKD/,,;<0XЈ*t]%[7JX RZ9P[!vxQOd2eicf下@v0ru%-v8-3)"FQܦO~ٲ~/;C.Wo?_[.)jk"W/iomS_eᳶKwx~"&7¢Ome%iC+B \VBr*qIYzt&$2!\Pљ;H:#ڽ~sw'Jdi7@0]`SPo|Z:LgiХ$4ciJ+"jONr5mamﭫ{EY8ȧ,sP|dIX?ZtcOX<~bE+6PARRAo 5Q忝 3L7 E/6Iw.Պf69mBR2˓GtpX&29 ("a| [Q܋A?"\!0ϿRnzZڌ^nNia?xn/KJӪY&2 p_J.{D8G_\:f7!{qC48-B* ! Ekao cs<8ԡ?hBYI?Пsvn"\dst:h(e֡x _UYuuFƾK51CP>o` ]s˲F"6!mȉX%IJx6TZבО]p% %yDA'0`ZY 4BD,7;23`o"=7xe >)b}YџxyH>b9BA/&T&Ds/F|lJmRiq!NaQ%,o*1qm]^%m[ufm$[:Q4-r*58 BRtI%]A,[P.%nK!S\r $ê%zzvAљ ;ff)&VXIp;>r{ȡwZ}ҁY$ɺQ*hӂ U,FI!doFboKV+pa8?|o,2-ky /7 \G6)[OΎ 򓁄vI)TTmV-LoԡA miDFAO_'$—(jè]˟~a v&:z0?qIBٜ=BСK;ѐ;IOJ:.ay+j%>ŢC{J%N؁؂}v)qMZPpUW.pQҝl;뱪N*ZN@t8:3LsI/KxMBO-=>Rϻ~gyW?\EOoAۮp+ B `ʄaAŀ'06(mTHsaϘC҂z*9f g!]9 C/2>;ic??ҴʲG62Z.WŗDnu6Q7ߣS B I}lZkiMwo)0 W+lpi ~^36i]TY:ח+|SQwCc#T=-fR ,'3C43HɄ~?NR6#RMX;oxeC 76%Ѕ(9CQy*şZ[F,i |QznhʮI#{XdYIAh7In ,)Uz17\CS:bSr_J}nWCvJj [a9D cxdzCc7v9;bɄ9۝ fA]⽣V E;˷c`fH)A8*|兡 ws@LqT*3gɓpڢ8p=gǻoyhXp'mmj.:mE/1sPIm ~Rᖷ? :,d3H~3'@c?Zt?>ao1"AN\e˭CG݋! ~mby !. & qS|txD_j)(W^j +ݙT7r _ǁүZ_ՈgF_qHB0_WOFK҈ #sDÁ>]tXao&eG?qVMyܗq0J}Ղ֙BjIhh4de3hRQ7 mҞ _Pcx³pp?g?;ul,ʭ[#%W潼U[;^(ܯ:n ~IZx5UP$]oT婯TK/O_.tmz;(hd1~!ьlkX;~]FN!n0LsvfA[_ܣښpp,ŨJNq4EhZ\ )d{le *w#8ToTW}tf΢q`L e -Yt *εo!*,̋x|a#3 QPn%ʒMwDq*Bh3 wMtM?񏛢?GS&r͂[NQRs!=YztgbI|fTӠ㐍)mi/)iZ$G,LХgJ"绺{:,jΌZՏ) ]\ (02oKH+ QLZ CU/Je1sYaȠE@EpW y{UwͶN6Fzmr!#[\ KK6\wHhC%rMTiJZJ'fx4N7^Ҏ VkBGh &[p!s[EF*6s<[?,h3 h_b\' %h|!>eC^Iȡ{ۧS~1s8ጷFq`-1m)BH8cyUgW/,Gi켳o|I?7.\hġu.-0RqF*;d}fWH4X~o=/]uhMcŦN9g w,hzΟqC=|[̡L4l$J0ۯ_P(rE"djr`ax@]d[iND=|[ieIłt|agEo0VVE.U,+I8+mr]k;o*4'"7hxZJ '%!:;bOݳNX'CҨE#YT.Ь!\*9s Z+0A &.sZa.k92qG)i??XEG)',h&GIkYAm?]XIդFӶo!xٞRbp*bU̗^_;l wMTL6V&8'N Ȉ_2c68τ:ӈJ>6]Iþs@NRfh2at& 3µjfunJ?A~"RG,hLFQkfdyj&O崤'͹%J/+jSX8(jk;EWJe5譊N/ժ}c0SJb ʰ zWv8S/Fwڸ&8[/ gΐourdl';YRi8>/ xZ[$v6cp MTnp./6*xlI̫αn---='ۭIe%?)롲ccO( UWڐWWKD&a-hwzAUֵ2.e&ڮ.ת ꓵuR竏AҐe."mvЮARn $5/)SЋk%ɗ:p.ۅ@90CMqX cJ릍Odwk$5$.G_rIھIxJ}͂V^Ӫ$9xJ+&Gh#Xeʐ'4:>&VѺ>3xR ݖ0yh^Q7oc]1]6AWjj^V#_uJj&B]E-PCInJ&}g0r|)TRٻ>dUtn~,h啚Gn ɬ/!ѨKl@ooUE٫).+Ok"k}ku7_9sfl1$/N_xYevH0("4;K„M`B|e4P$_L@m9V;%(]ҫ]*sP,a`wTGpB3ykFV]Jk9OG/O>wfAǥÇqQQ_B%px+ :qrU t4́CJm݋P߀{[ ~]n_KMcvS\׵]izY4RZ$Xt3ee`+AI#Pi{*!*_5~8ZW1 x8 f`8Ή`^ h_Z!{>g[2$zgXZ]WaVfAl=zjwv,37F>vfdp)]I^Sj;xaS! b"? {梶R :׺T ֿWkkc|ʁC ʚ[/"TsM͕n|ݕo=_yx_(Ylc`S4;AV Ig X3Г>~~:cژ)oÏ9+c3Mnܷ9yLe6CeίRĵ )5 gFfGbdlO0yRB9SUEBl.mo+zխsR!DpX..FAxFyO)Ds!I{5pݸ .&[]춒 }4ʮQ7GZAoVLrsfA5gnVqɦ F=o{CۖFx.ɲ֎hZjuE AHKs?.h? =e uw,sH%J f|@e^PvXZeW##K]}0wr)ОoSbC!G^Mk_f}/;f >tq({6 z,a ڂ";23+ʒ_KR~i$9i A{iQAAWիauq]7^Cr)&[c v,Ix8` tQw79LX'Ͽ!ER:t$~ϱ} ?~g(mth4V~ ? s>RN~,l6#Iֆ*3ѓ}{nTI#&#ԓceHji q%A0Ù nuu  W\o=8>^قBF}6~}rXR{iRW>缆 -T8q`{q0gk!e~#l$˞ l4l8:p633g.ʁu>KZL1$#bE>Y[젢.byKd,g:Yȿ)R#sjڡȅ>QStN)>+E:ϒg2y7dI`'!(vx b(~34S F  )5nZM}Q>ϧN,h ]V©S:86V6s T4EqXtJ? i2V1s1+er :|3a8@NSLzGgry #[DOynTq+^x &y9N rjIF9q&F,=1@z8AA}#$[aA sT]>*׵=kp7ҵA6"Ǒ x8&V@CEgB8T+Ԥ3;MCfRM rD:~f4jA䟰B7M"t'Z,ϣ KK#Zɣ{(ma"~[Lk$%bBlWą\ǜ=<cӸ!֭q)2s\dB(,d3/1;v,|B,vŒ;p AcfG0*&Jk;l4'|{3Y8`萿)3дJG&v緡]G*I-PGJE{sp!%(p[#o)SJ<]} qBQWLΪl|3ٛjK/ q)VAI CZX1]NdܿMN+_b%9yVp,c]}_7_?O5}|O>wnAs5nO~ FyַqVv(()F'd%o-7+wU>TقzHܯYZ4j[5Iĵ|m24|Iy&F޵ճUo0݂r1sC8l Q'%={goH#j)+(; +F.ku_zKN"~#9fP;F.C߬Zaiҹe1Q"8FZ `=~Gx@ TR¥K8z6 xWn몚*vb!эQ+5_ KlmDq]z!i)Qtv>@aiDNUJBH+VT4"> +"U;/:Ǽ~ q-ktqwٲYo+E玖c}>z2vǕO\*߶ȋMb[,bQ;-Ӹ"r!- L_q+yTd.-"Es:}WmS}u+"\[da%bYHKpu;N+G4ЂFw;&bE3(DXHA 4;y>Q|sCG6 `Eɠ#ӡ*c?Nt PMZ-`5Ge&T2*m9ؼ߶m7e⌛ . ,g+A_n\jhJ]oFFĿ RI:>)_# @+@O?I+ #{CYGIZxG?v)̹zjN!h*\ ѡeimi^8/m[S焤i㹛0YNr²ѽnݪ6rN]T32DC'{놸Z1U=V1+OY-uCC]\Pbrb?u+^64$+%cX0 Z|#$B:Y~ z-YƩBʪ76ڡPUOje(UVJx~8p6;׺Tgulv0V+ExeӛtpE/):w}C!q!B]+\=st^yb$:tLD]1{$"k=Ү]MW D8P-pm$w11DYܑc=FkFW;A)ɹ>Ѵމ?g3=.9BхܬU|+K/,}\挬h1!Y5͸vmPv{J:&m]qW IQ99w8-W4nK1pD]/E!ElU /&ÂiY}^ =,4\.>ގ!⃶?tK f##x#(z7*zSAo x(O174)פb%ɨ<q^adlu+:O>s7Se7Vzxs^/\RbA9[ 5]\+g6Tзy|.i,"ؒIp2C%ۼ#V[M0|XYo~Xqk$ۣ*"dm݅⡓jWdGݢcnRB8mR F [MT['s ݿuױh6D3_ݵaq̱Q9*U$Ǐ1$|lvh75M_يO"DNGEmU@A }Ϧ3ըpf[$(5eɶw(V.ךhNᨢV_Dl$&{2rK -ݔWmgZ­rC}!][ oub+C 9&H)fA>.#ئ>]Aٿ'?l,<ќ_|RFjֈ!H dGi‰9+^XLQuo|2ܽcpH¯.RB&e,}s0)+* Ďk;'%l?%uzɆ(f}8>oA+ [y" AkV3u"(`o4E?>F뾺`qe_2G9}u,h ڳd3iT*z^HZؙ6x|K?֜jP%R[ɕ+/j ͙_m|t$)LLZDOn[uאZ(I~7=ZYrb <4#GTX[т( SA;gDCK$Z 7{6„t'|¤9:(Ƕl4J+_p9DѺsXq ƜKAs֣8Sfß&oXk Ӷ.0:0\ܙ |:tܓ8`PkhW7_4Z?bj;Hv8Hzi@zsuOް%[unߘ:OC}n~S:ʼn(hX`-d2L ] hthrPb`a|̑A6 Z[I$Q[Vg'ӼZ4ƕWï[w[3o6Kb}{q\.[O{G-ֲwQm(f\j^.*Z1*a+$E=Wr !]^X ']gПMBdq!(2ԫhIDATp[PaXΜW>bz}ϟ,ՂoؑN2Jњ=Mp47yAX;?r>b]+m}ƍ觘ffnaV8Mu?u 깉fΡº⋑#IvD-e4i Hop­9oE74Hx8t;~ Fljbxnʙ 13`!]7L (ȑ)ߤ.vfA[=rJ̍r*ibIL5 ̿2UM#Mjn1/k5PzS=)9/,f'jO5,y0 k;w]059^viG> gRx~ijJ;0%CP˥~G@= +znc)A 2DO:ͬie0E9TҿX96Vr}:OY;^0%l)}=[UM.ymHlEXuM5TA"RڥH͂7 s,$=-]Sf#IW5uy׵@AiB:4fp]]~1s8r=.n;~GtRHI)CɨV0CH*K%A»fϹ7sd݋4%Do.y|L‹VkKsdK ̦3֓3& қemU<*jy7lÄj4E=(.w׷НвpBKj#1qѱ݋lJ;ū@ Reae(:$#7>AFX3)7ies@|Á6]ڷ͂Fti$ғxv&~ƩJ9d}IXL\ݥШ]3V^,rmnh##֎_|O i=R{Z" ޲1[Y]ydu$YH*+!v22^h8VrAg/ˎ.(W`;Ev9a!)9-PHp,dZ.z7yӣE~]3K^ʦ؄MmK]o?dM[d{1Xڤt*䆬Eb+~4R XgF#;']^ ~чX7]1E ,|_~`0>[o١Nuqt4]t!$ [4zwC\6_kH&i5Oݴwj:ǙD/1N9B#ΖVW{\]ߘj3U,%WZ/}tŤd=v=ƥ ɢOXpHڽCDf p8w3slVXll(0}T6 p,Ы8ѓ{хƹe:AU ੬ ռ%ghu_l9[rawh Q3wn>011@f^o5X)UeID*f#Ɉ ߰𯯿[s;=t*P;cx{CJ5)zsJ} ۭWGWV'fA =ln3E pnKA \B~z6f(ʊ?:jh6cz&3Y/˖\^Q<_瞧Ux8Ue1dSjT*&cߣACSo\r44\FQqPAS| i#~p ɞ#3soxݙ9rnԼbɐH?``zdk_ ߘ9ucj̈́q\xIc[ЫckAKqIgHDej[dg\ f䷓nsmdK~ԡޘV-Mތ]dҗK} (|ˆz{zи(h sTxt;;,uvLE84,YJX0>_xPʭ=5A=+A8:veB8.YB09s dѵC |\JIQVjɯ!#9,1KKeYuߚ(Qi:hwK KQ\QȽCcSSSeS}}'{{[L(63-) z4*(b`7C^3ww# x[s!ͬw迻cfpQ=Q|GLΝ/}%ATi!+-vqqѢEj1h(V$(ʿNsגJ;-C:F=66YQpR!sP@% WF4h( ),  nGM!w\[!MQʭfA2ٛ gFۙ#WOדFgc:AMDV+>}__{ŠUI Rn}ΔJ8YUΓzSAJ_F9uv)=wuhsh!hE"ASp I?8ⰈAJ h9H%N )eX9wQ2fe~(͂N^r9~Ëx0Y[PP )9a[?QOs '/ɮ(Su!vP_X?v"njBl:~Zp<\  a;Vn[_g$hDg"ef RD٣CSE3?33 qdv?3};O|ϟ=V%,u&X\C̿䁤P'ŠW>ý\]$>R[՚UEvd-lLExϖ_3֙8ZZ Cﵱ|:[QȭC(Z巳ϯ˧բ>:*-oՁ>ղ5ʁ̴k$F'<9U3!g dCEa8y1~HȂ͂؂7q#t8uNۭcoL NÜFD,e. qKp !J! VUń*[&s%+ +y䖝ba)wNLOL0F6]ofrkI1h%,h)x9>F aG pe}7t5[Z#G6k]0E OYU÷Ūlu195uwOT'-mu+hʙފqF,pa?ie=l= {d.=o9p04U4I1DCzu\VTi`,9H6s@j%~^Ez$d6]RJ,zj {8RzDHgz;bю^W;W8m`"N`N9ko)^kep"?Suik&[8yd^gXOP< =[4ru` Jt%9I1rDo&(ݩ;96kV{6CE)I(>mTU&t~/|I4fWc߯]⫊xWF95 6u~*DR&Z[ooGI [;&_ȟ^w֡k= cV3f-\p۷(w_IdαƉ~dm+$UW? [nn6U ]kќ',sP9t:d$׫:/ÛGW \Jfw[uN*ͭNpQS)GBElzAP9!S:6W<}k_z@]'VʨG~kH'tHGL04Q'qG[!9p`2yXCpH g2mX{T=gmgvQiC˜-)z%ڴ0ᰤqIQMcSoU͙Uv#bF^a=\Sq}OI&ЕwT49ZBƿiQ\@dN!n+}S}c*ꯁ4UX҂9CCs8uYc#)e ^Saep;8)MHtu(Z^7;6rɯWj̃nax%P` ~>ǫɸVO;Ĥrt)wwߙ.K=:KT*Bd;d'{{%9}|#\ C-U,UW BjSGI=>^\mzAMMyCpE{)8+w+xk>採NФ;MzȾρnW8] h E7 3 {!M_Zc2(fNQ}#~8r]H[Ht6 {hOU!nSb,G=}:l58l6$)و_RP3puF%4x0n":,L9t$ϓ kG1q`:%(eA!e@l`B thZ 7l|Jn6qd}im *:40 nw]踤ՅCaiwr$n-L{w14UUv2#SD'`6 ;撅ax; (䞞hlF{!U4h&)ޱ^ ԝyYnK-8}~32CЭ/k#*E8fk3wF95j֭Hoy9UpBshgD軤NE5aFAoԳ6~׻}KjJ{trobsJt0fmKD] gE}=SӄEpCu}jzN{6d" =at Â,d~3Y^~ݿV~mX_ sg-fAQOa\RYK ꝯ6!ӝ6?*%Ͽ$s)L1u$H}mm)GlSqژI?p((b%{0zԳAwQ;@Sځ!3C^vۅ()v;2@1@_t:*gffV)K6lk̝ n~t[[zg]&bK6۴bFz%7V3HX\gw-("Ii׹LTWJ/Nrr&Ιp5E "6L34RR.uO- gH(hw@cPg_cܤIdtp<' -lk!3NHC`'f= 4dpǴ߿~^Wo ys\( K+yd=!sE$r+ԓ˻")1zj ,&:셂9m6 š/"m9N\@x@:Rú|Т܍}kԡ'vw`w=Lj+;=יِ~ʙ%ٓlA!>wQ+v*4>c1]N#÷c aA7{o";p)DXaÖ@1C l(jP"-!pCБ92R Kׅ *a9ňfA8|)[%f`KMvڸTYw~AjY~;AsoRNM(ⓜOw+`EЃ1[! {vYMusD!YH ȥRe8F t>]!D&;:?T+9˱dl i5ߢ6Α͂apyғYAh|*"Ҧ,"';_ R:?.) B&jW넅c&ىj.קRGfeݨY@[, 24%}q! **z.+ĸVKRjޅ(G{>ނzwۋ& @~ßJ_E&;n39h odS5h!d9;86>3PN_OB(V{envRI-^&xKtްRHJ)t飘8@hAE_̑vy4L&w+N+sHd(]X  Y62/?B1\21BM|uү~Orjisdd+~?(I6C՛}y,hJԕʭaʰf_Bڂ[.m4$FXU;|} * YO[$NxCkw:BR.Tn@h7@;:~yNH݅q&Ba 6k g7CMߑ RI\FzLvB # RtEgQEϩqlw9fAS(Nv;s5ѓq_j۴r[5+F-xX+PV& uj UɤMcMA5QN](h Z ݀92hI1K5=܎N߭spl zVfY.+X –H(8>͒R]Lu3q+!LY+P|ؔc`eSܽ,~X6 Є 7Sƌv^5y 06W5'f]jn\ϴ,:u6 h|xŢpFx&ӽ!ZU:BIYo6bJZB"=zxaA(ĺr{g|1@nџMz",2,ū~sU9KZ~HuBӹsp>°8451t!N43", Ҵ^o Wݾ r)!^xCA љ䇶_.33( 8,0۬9r͂ff31:)8+j4b4z;I=.'ȡ|B֌[1uYDTuj_ՒfD#kpp.CPy [*Z4G63A-БƦH( :*t[tw00i#<ft Lz swV/U $v杄Ah'}};9:q+zvL~9D58P{˷A&LׯO!غLE37ט7ϬC^obsFg6 )sObz zvveN=VDT_U5xvM=շW(oZR \Ev*J mmz'%>|JY>^rI('MC'& &;p}/n5G0fLtZY,rP8rꠟ͂vؼ^,}{Q0{ɼE&V R+h&EIDD869YL)ږe vM Y˭P&xr 0G!tׂ-L`N<M!=.z]gmߵC\)+"p!;QAɛ؉=(J@8@!QHf'pf53 v/}T6 Z/MrM%=YSictX=~.Oiw02m5E{,&J/C=ٴz[ap\9\CYctF pGisd#R^јZXHBfΑ3Ri;u$t&:(3f,+sYy.#[Lϩ~V.,hW[Fh5mu/Fגdeo-&mMӾD,nhny\^UȇW ZAïnav n~Qʻ;\o֟ѥѣ΅X(,YR = p=LJo(&Bjǵ XuOc> f8À92%Vp,d?ݠ34Dg*w )zAnMYr3ĀVU4Ef֨sk+,&„`.AxNj].}; AO*rMMSTE+f1qN%]S,s#s1j Yh Pa᪂8@\ɴyܑCGq #!ڱpm&C^` 1oq׍f]HRxKyz2_GyЇ@mWM;EqK]&ɓ.?UWN[2"1ZS0>uE12`h  D;1CN Xp!P|a.oAdF 7Us&a~gXb!f`!:tV;hѣ3"7 :=, kI_%/-w_Gfd))T'U.v & cspa}#F鯞w/ kal8n-"3cbIO(qt2"?M)[dH vhV&](~u&L3]o;$ ޸~g:J:ZY1oT>ГLD r8AIfF9tWL֪ IRW#&u~8CR"HAyUt$"`vaA :s#]l/M d{:4 `6}BqBCN\lGʟztƵP9{ &Vf+|7fs<`ݝ[ansv& ZуuPy_L9dmdݐu"Z!*_ϭ.۫xFݩ~E/ۄ%,\D鴳 3tbtTmr@2茡? ׉t΅~NV#:48yN5^ _'~FK p3t@x! *]V9 A9 s fNr+jFL z2Rs栽0C ٴfc?ؑ[ ,+VLB '/Gi 6 ZLZjuZ73^AFzOrE.Wj$̬AF&G @Qxf6PcQ7hX {BAaf97 zn+CϲdEuD+̚r|  zQ(|w̞np2 ysS32O~ϗlvh XrFEkYA҃Q}7XZ=< RQ3 Fxw.%i_h۷,=P_!(< sFA1qFHVr͸L΋l1;07E 9Hym wc@z]2&-!*~ %Y O^;!`?)PϢE?ޟghЛ.E*/O3x\[ ;C;ɝNPe`;G:VLV+Rv n]m4FRŘ*q)d}J^,AAC_zhMBU(hCKCqp#H`!6 tgF83<^݊3q"Q"J4Z>qL)(K P̳![aﵭBY^4sܱ1S,KFӤm`qIZ~h- pA.YˈZ*]DjHG6ɑrLr䌶(bG/YUNS. hj3DX9t^e#au)TRq4 lfXtPctXHLv;J^koola[tw֙@n9r:mTikT'KRG%4ǝ̂䉘"=Gݥ# ujɷS/v3&n`Ѩ5#]p`7oRnd?;^bF`)ȁ4c73Glα>: Ʃ,HV^ʴ @met eE&` ,W6Rd镙͂ƽo}OiEm$-xi&s8:L)IU$QU۬ ۉ<9ZWdr8`ӉXtQGi}A[K sL`>p'd`^xZ97T VJ{ qYx2y1C^_dcC!XxH4?󟰡lOΑ{ћs fAlK?mڶry~)^Н L A-Icv.]K홭[GHה !ٲf?]tѨNnH rkL(Jr2eשE#S Y FEфDL,sin"[ `?ZFtݣOKqZy ?8q,\̸8o23ȱ06lvpp&|3ΙSRJ%5f(JU=]~Z #09Jrʉ7XyFFp SIBK4dIb3!wuaP3NN]D,8߇^Ccns k/~T~V<(ǿ=p7@gylNK(ZViu#cx.1Ǎ/Ʈ[2 ]ܠ+ҧV&vݪ>Mv +WbyRҙɢEOX7eARh+$sjFMBp@!*籡ޱ1\ A᛼ӿNqf~7ўY3PvgRv8`3{R΍dCsld6Krm4(R=Rvn ׾[:WY_6,YNG bű LG[†S ѠI2,nr8}:tmL%b[!f05?dKV3֭QL296f蟬 7/_0Ǡlt#2{ ,tc3tsΦDIgQ$jӖ ~כeT>DUSrz6ά1!GFa1pA&QZ eTXPmgXYsskdaAAS8Rhm%R wew̃4VeQId+]<L:rwn*,hR~.{ǁѓ :AQpKedREMTW*Eymk]7:]l1l1s9qiI့A>т°0E+$չ=zdË!pG2L\a14x|QK!Aop-:#,pwǝ#ڸzpIZgC/P9@p D3CteLn .(z\Q[]UMvFn%em87 rr?;;-l&T3yP VFUH0tVr =T{ $H{Kf`|nR\|I G sǟ n&s+\S~1DxwVdBQX nx)g%3r'򐁧@gT3*̰j|Sk)bdݲdf^d؇p02j"c8'ߌR49 }v iX'Fa+ᨋDفF@&#"&En?ヷ?Z03Gh̳d (s欲f>hqcPKfa/,^8/*XX EF+B~_ShP1E?Jf͔̆t.w=sJfAoW/.+_X ɞt{﫴QpsYK?IXU18VŖ-6l21973Wf9G=AAhć?.~=[2kw˟Lg; kj`6T6{w:\#NP4i"@Bra;'m?i$3Ԏȱ_k̳3dRlzdJ T*knf%OkCOa:I&LqGSs y#~uPUwjpf{$ :R?XqgQ!n8%ك@pT03@IA]\L& Bzu09n<:Nl8p I: n7$A_'nL(:#]HrlS=r]7YEʂ3AڂEd3%WPi.5s˦(gJHU$EW˄φ1=#0K@F˰;jD8ඃ&Y\e dfG-"79h树A&c16umoܻ87T\A[q\aBJ—ȯ,A²WcMhk)ɛ99U>ZFas춅P phިS\%/IPWtE~~5ḑ (p0f5@իR6EP`p\u oՂA`,ʾћDJ@::;=;6U,90o;KtdLIR\%I= ; w#󍑃h'@6 :ڰ[,`BgɯѦE ?, ݦT1tO["܄+U5Se. O9 Mv0 rf[uL(,^FLF2vkrՅ.4ASN]=l 9PH$">r+NBY0HEh!5_>CH#st)~}c#?e6fA ÁSfN9vX,iC)q{$T>~EvCö}4;7-R]Zy#"ƒEaQgјq*nA+߇ފ[!qG ft\Hjq9oR=*:pW{5$M)QAoᅀ{+ಲ0P@6iXHt;P3^z"8C)c A%{/l4 K0z2yѯYT)m0PX"$1MD$ŗ81:sU"%lbN37p,D= *IG F>E4nT9`hx&MMyF43U4: |ZylW}ŸwTOo` xE5V@qBS4Z3o&끪pEo_=V\N@!\y/N7n!40N&OC84 qFFA%MwqXC:)u@y~%l,t^Kl'%/,uZ^15*>< ?a շ %v pg"];2oG3`4а^ amjo;M} -zV1Bv'^9ʀ>CJ8@1I`[!q:2BʰG~f&Z٨i0H?$lKtyU][%(J=hZ3x)vX:KR_3(gbŕwd3;.DR]0&5}:8.YN"M;ǟc7NѰA(XA6p-DD\S=C4FFa$şsҌ #πEʀȦh)TDwPP֧މ? ١Lܦh4Oѓ4i-A=Q+DOSn[}sX!4\Iq|uɯ5Jo·fE7kVwvG qYW2 FtBٛr\+Bv$>\o[aGxX Ӂ / *K$luk!p_kF)DLo|!,h M"x]9&cCsxxfdVm?צxkee BQpV [l}cwlP+r@9c/DWd8,7f*kl ٲo杻 v-8hqTt? )QF0_2:+oR֡E7V2~VrYа)*o>~"4ɈʁY%JAAGm R儰&EE7a3ްwxjml{^qp]zxdX3pykqvD3W|'1β"6/ob4rKXz ) i~8r2 etX6(P~ÝcCB./l iA> jpa(&Ԧ;R(}5lKHK|:iS Z{֎@:Jh ,eWidݗ+[A :MfE&uQwf3= tg;;[ 8I vk!sD[s@Q RFXK[aµA?.A/`8zf»)0y=孋GG 8sR:MtF<ι&-/+e 0kvjWjEa\0t+r&\M1.=av4j!LL?K@rA]VvnSUi!Yx|r%)#ԠFѿɟܵ>(Kht6 HS> 89DjK1'wf0]DFxxXY-9~N\mƿ?%`f{>p9h҆ztXQ&l$KsUHd_W(N&݋:o66\b@17~#>yJk[!#(_/Z p>'T E7fA{W/͐/idDtEst]¨h1%:%cFzeo*`X*z k EFeM6[}N.ß6gq:e3noPٳcl/@&BP@JN``L8Gf%| Ҍ );w}N9÷CZ.,"Y0]oV6CrQm1aαguӼ9K09 G% O Bxfy(\Dq#.9_oPUǁ+!.߰M8СUHr2(V0$+}SS?wn/Vniid34EI8}oFNb0Cx Ob?#c!ⰀsV2\ s1G* U)~ltY%RuhkiQNЊ6>.*W[QFFn׹' ::37. -4djtԟO"RR DIC# (v?CА}w ]ۉa/gO)' $"heDq~3P?;ЭBC4IY':g+!tC׵͂s3TbIi"avn?DQ!=o,9=~kD<_V^{fONnRыANҹrʕ*6Г3HIXtTVʁ7D@|A843vcώ=9XЬ5ozLR8rOm ؁L5e؁r_cf#mCX9wfA"GE_Da#iI˧0/~ǯʮ&w%2J1~Ir\+RX?τ`p&zTp9f77 ~hsе{杆?S͗VM`;rhUim$s$b+z֤8t Җ ca(2v׻}k7X Ə]KW+7"DzI- sBri/4&ƽs>r㳕XM+i Ƶ}X)G/)VSzz/ߛ)@9-!G^+ E_D=dԖ pybM]e91&"\(-.ӻXĢ9a $(\Yfgg\nIZ$sO4=^DIĵCRBJiI$ vV ILjA,u1=omǿpepUUUW1R?id9Ѽ![IYQ)C?r?Sd%4w"SLzQ/< 8~QuX|%c÷M$e1K(MP=/'>ɻv:@ѕ QϝfIhI2„s!\;&'$cP\h Kݣq0VC3"_\ ˾;F4A+:2K['ŏ8zHU˽S"#{僙|,ʏ93 s&K0Ќ[BH[`|om F-#9"$0|[mk x[ ] nsޑ}&l׽/-Bfz;Г:Po^C8b'ygf^"'zLH#ò-+XI ̡Št cXx:P!=_Ρ759XH"Jh࣯ٳ经)lANڭċ`'q9Vzw _d  "~9(;2DKPHxaaڕn6\(yLt+]/UxpZy T{8x#/6xCHZF<Z^\` 2t>J0<;Ap{nXLx*VMX D.^&GiY_cE|>hV iNcBxͰF\it,-}9u9nCc]F S~6R4ؼ㧚hJQҎ- hUzGcL!)v30 B@ҘS!+$bqH~we(JD5:wtʀnsf^L{)CDRDsFbCd=\FZKǽl5<8pHBC=GޱWtFTC+@ҭaС7=,j}Qj t/ US M+$h*I@5]4 V!l6 EgJ΢UXX loF$)Ha@^1_A90.]3%# m,fB#J&JUަU}@E֯XQGgh0o)q p G)A"l'R11Џ"G CuE.я"B?K"Kd:g,@?AG?-.AHv=DdXڹdXڣjB# ߰ A?=>?u.47h#A??$?~ {#?Cˇ @@mCRO *9vv*j4CG*Hk-ČWV8 'A"@kUbX#|v*j-@x'?[v~Q:Aܲ_?-⣭4E[Ŏ"[@|r]@o$˓u69]w|"u ~r4*UҠ7Џo,Ǎ`u7^\fg.?dr_ղ qYYfQ9AE#^A~C v!,PH`$|W\i5&W 7~J.A Xrd W֙'hIl!7??9:d~~sEkw:ì+VM[F@CKq!v]3fZ+Z>#3I |'"+:BT?E!Ir_T**nlq2Ek zcm/ܮqn"+VUQBi ZZrs(gI^\o^n{(J'y`jq~Af= wҟXNd||zK#t;w{aY''$,#ø}YO6唬NQ€9Q 6t.qL9)r(Afc($j qNKM-1&M-r LE2Sa-rAr/}|D?IXyu~ZeZd5gxI8 \dҌs5Wf%p'lJl .r@f!7,Oя)ZZZD [(H7oyv׵B W<gVkG) +@!0f@Bj%B_`$wߪHUqX~:+g;n9I~P _ب澜5nH 6N낼 S‚@O&Ő$=W$ӹOwDS%~| _@t.H$#/Z<~SxI<_/3Vk^[?ŏ?d^BSէf?7䮰:>/ݿ[ƨ 6uC%Ff|.rMPb{(H5J-XE>Q 8  C m3%H+֘kώ_OExrݾ|d?&GQ4f'9k;XwrD(`T I ڹZ ]hO'wOEV>h]^T;) ٨=*jv~ˊH+fe{=U qh"Px;o"I:tЏ/ZH"Vrs-;qx.ҳ'IߓyRH9N䳍*K@E ]Fd eAjҖ 5Q)$m1B$1 ػ6B @ ENe)hR: 3 #ҏE8'~zvRyƀV"Ol~~A}@pdbj)( gѠ:H@uJ1]F9Q ~v۵4LžW~zX@?|-t(;Yo=W觖V R+~\#"#d F"A?r-u"pɮ.mHB?98Lяp"['DOY?~L\$IEF{-K}j \'\+_XO~~l]ĚյW)W3~5wWt)v IWl~"AiMŇ ;l`kuG?H."t3M1@gXZ.t-UjSۘ^h~~(觖]ğ\FqZ=^ _`GmC" FzMu~v<"F#m ;P]9|wu4 ~@;KY?_yKT?6?lI@?{ds< x}`' K.rN swgK7vU!TWow᪠YP\e W <ӻJJ=s(4@?7N y*YWѭ>Y1\,Yc)OAȵycZL_{%~:ۛKu.38#$lfOXȋލ.FzV}ms3~{6_?ZF|ݙ#OTqtBMD]"^yH*ukn2r MQ=z3f7Z nn'Evj“1(c=¼+, $DW"0Dy<~֛N|d¹g:=}{=sEJ(hS><)/eMeS|oUeet'yn}BD2^lwD|-LrU}%6FY;7 #Zpgmma| ÕoiE H(GqS"W]w;=#|BaFqY'JQ47K$`-9-qW($[ynBF=."%bMSP?dQlA㿚ܔ%;'R:$y'4$cD}#ڛo3*}\\*n8Х|<6G֝Ųz$ ೳ{"Ѐvy*IE$}iEŰ`Q2q[G4lLJ> ^ f8 ["n]VT A9ZX=}{Z2[jWCdK̅ؓSn|skhNv"/R w8w3P'傔!vC$«n8aLK O|= ]*ϤJ_ߗD2ڄ69 &VNfnKΪf@J~~Sx,<ϻKtxzFr|gcXhI-A)J!M)8yU6NdIԭdWUZqU]?0?~fWKVAє[Ac)>wK,->ǿ>ʫˑJKn x9bНq`Vl(PEP&_'ɘe v q8p*=^rC2.r 4F=R\0B3 =cV<E/9Ț0g\DXo?fO/gqA@3 k{.Nlr^Ut5Yާ)?^1<."+#sNF}XTf%E$(]цS4kOh#_<\d?L3Pi 11TOlg=+nO ƨ|uHw vdmLθOC ,Vȍ̙m].L'. [F%mŤ>D@];=rH\aF`M9e;(㭍.6?dnH+" 9MA@ tMp5y!+_H,A@DYME6!4A@`Ip%i!)\dH@DYME6!4A@`Ip%i!)\dH@DYME6!4A@`Ip%i!)\dH@DYME6!4A@`I(c:oN#IENDB`q (  v  Zhttp://thoughthorizon.com/archives/000277.phpZhttp://thoughthorizon.com/archives/000277.phpz(warnetr@umsystem.edu6mailto:warnetr@umsystem.edu .schmidtkek@missouri.edu<mailto:schmidtkek@missouri.eduz (gettymk@missouri.edu6mailto:gettymk@missouri.edu`/ 0DArialno Linotyptt- 0"DPalatino Linotypet- 0@ .  @n?" dd@  @@``  @'Z     /Xb$l4UHzohb$~fO[Z /gh 0AAyU@83ʚ;ʚ;g4BdBd|N 0ppp@ <4dddd@w 0t\- 80___PPT10 ?  %O  =/Peer Group Analysis: For Administrators Only?00Association of Institutional Research Forum San Diego, California May 29  June 1, 2005 YYWhy study peer group analysis?WAccountability Resource Allocation External/internal requests Organizational learning? WXLiterature ReviewModern comparative analysis developed in 1980s utilizing statistical analysis (Terenzini) Used primarily for financial purposes Expanded to use a wide range of performance indicators Graduation rates, employment rates, retention, salaries, enrollments, and faculty productivity 8Z_ZZ`O  4Literature Review (cont d)Three different types of peer groups Aspirational, peer, predetermined Peer analysis is subject to a number of limitations Descriptive data insufficient Varying definitions of variables Can limit institutional creativity Meaningful use of peer group analysisT%Z"Z4ZZ%"4% Research QuestionsWhat do we want comparative data to tell us? Do peer analyses drive institutional change processes, in particular, organizational learning? Why or why not?  MethodologyLarge Midwestern public Doctoral Extensive institution Qualitative Case Study Approach N = 10 upper, middle, and lower administrators Grounded theory (Theoretical FrameworksXPolitical (Bolman & Deal) Competition for resources Coalitions with differing missions &?? H  Learning organization Double-loop learning (Argyris & Schn) Defensive reasoning (Argyris) Phenomena ! Data ! Information ! Knowledge (Bagshaw) R{# * + ,6L:Argyris Double loop learning 2Bagshaw s Plant Structure    FindingsInstitutional Context Comparative reports required by upper administration for resource allocation Original allocation model abandoned Reporting requirement retained Reporting adapted based on divisional needs&  "Findings (cont d)[Three Overarching Themes Broad view of institutional data Use of data Organizational change&CC  Broad View of Institutional DatadAdministrators emphasize comparative data Mid-level administrators view comparative data as nested de  Use of DatavContribution of department to campus Resource allocation Internal goal setting and evaluation Desired uses Challenges  Organizational Change<Fiscal outweighs performance Internal competition Leadership ConclusionsInformation used from peer group analysis Level of teaching, research, and service Support for greater resource allocations Effectiveness and productivity Double-loop learning Defensive learning b*q(*q(Implications for IRXSaupe (1990) Objective, systematic, and thorough  the wisdom, integrity, and courage possessed by those who share the responsibilities of governance used to make decisions* ZZ  ~Volkwein (1999) Internal vs external duality Bagshaw (1999) Learning inhibited institution Phenomena ! Data ! Information ! Knowledge  Shape the intellectual expectations of the leadership xZZZZZ)Y 6Discussion and Questions Contact informationTara R. Warne (573) 884-6674 warnetr@umsystem.edu Kathy Schmidtke (573) 884-2241 schmidtkek@missouri.edu Kathleen Leonard-Getty (573) 882-4078 gettymk@missouri.edu Z$ZZ'ZZ%ZZ$'&  01  0Qh  0   0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴` ff>>\`Y{fff>?" dd@ yU~?" dd@yU  " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR   @ ` ` p>>  L0 l(  l l <z #" `>   T Click to edit Master title style! !0 l 68} #" `>  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S l 0܃ "|@l  D* yU l 0 "|l   F* yU l 00 "|@l  F* yU l  pA޽h ?columns"@` ff>>\`Y{fff___PPT10u..g` =+D=' = @B + 01159439<  0 L0 /'pw(  p p 6XR\ "P@` \ T Click to edit Master title style! ! p 0T\ "@ \ W#Click to edit Master subtitle style$ $ p 0tY\ "|@l \ D* yU p 0H]\ "|l  \ F* yU p 0a\ "|@l \ F* yU p jA޽h?columns"@` ff>>\`Y{fff___PPT10u..g9j+D=' = @B + |8(  | | 0P  P     >*  | 0x       @*  | 6X\ _P    >*  | 6  _    @* H | 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.[6M 0 L0  (  r  S l\pN \ r  S m\pp  \   0n\p  l2Tara R. Warne, Associate Research Analyst, 91㽶Ƶ System Kathy Schmidtke, Graduate Assistant, 91㽶Ƶ System D. Lanette Vaughn, Associate Research Analyst, 91㽶Ƶ System Kathleen Leonard-Getty, Institutional Research Assistant, 91㽶Ƶ-Columbia3(23yULB  c $DyUpLB  c $DyUP pP H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ZF%+D=' = @B +  0 L0 @0(  x  c $̴\l>   \ x  c $\l> \ H  0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Z +D=' = @B +  0 L0 ,0(  ,x , c $d\l>   \ x , c $<\l> \ H , 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Zq[+D=' = @B +  0 L0 00(  0x 0 c $`\l>   \ x 0 c $8\l> \ H 0 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.ZE+D=' = @B +  0 L0 (0(  (x ( c $\l>   \ x ( c $\l> \ H ( 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Zwݷ+D=' = @B +  0 L0 40(  4x 4 c $H l>    x 4 c $  l>   H 4 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Z+D=' = @B +!  0 L0  ` (   x  c $ l>    x  c $ l     x  c $ l  @    H  0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Z<+D=' = @B +  0 L0 P2(  x  c $ l>      08 Alpp      0  g .http://thoughthorizon.com/archives/000277.php / 2/ 0-H  0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.ZD+D=' = @B +  0 L0  8e(  8x 8 c $$ l>    8 0 P   8   8 6:# o"`0 P A Phenomena (2  8 6 # o"`0 Py <Data(2 8 6# o"`0 PI  C Information (2  8 6D# o"`0 P  A Knowledge (2 lB  8 <DjJ  lB  8 <DjJ  lB  8 <DjJ p H 8 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Zt{.+D=' = @B +  0 L0 <0(  <x < c $a l>    x < c $hb l>   H < 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Z`r7+D=' = @B +  0 L0 @0(  @x @ c $ l>    x @ c $ l>   H @ 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Zf+D=' = @B +  0 L0 D0(  Dx D c $ l>    x D c $ l>   H D 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Zf+D=' = @B +  0 L0 H0(  Hx H c $?\l>   \ x H c $?\l> \ H H 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Z =ѯ+D=' = @B +  0 L0 L0(  Lx L c $ l>    x L c $z l>   H L 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Z+D=' = @B +  0 L0  P0(  Px P c $d l>    x P c $< l>   H P 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Ze+D=' = @B +!  0 L0  0T(  Tx T c $Т l>    x T c $ lPp    x T c $ lPp p    H T 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Z@ɀ+D=' = @B +! 0 L0  P\(  \x \ c $ pP@`   H \ 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.Z+D=' = @B +  0 L0 pd0(  dx d c $0l l>    x d c $q l>   H d 0޽h ? Sf3f___PPT10i.ZPg+D=' = @B +r`P5:qKHHB=M@EOUXL[]`GceiBky ~+1m1q (  v  Zhttp://thoughthorizon.com/archives/000277.phpZhttp://thoughthorizon.com/archives/000277.phpz(warnetr@umsystem.edu6mailto:warnetOh+'0T hp   ( 4@H0Peer Group Analysis: For Administrators Only?Kathy Schmidtke 01159439Kathy Schmidtke14Microsoft Office PowerPoint@@w@`t<Z@0/[GSg  )'    """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3ff333f333333333f33333333f33f3ff3f3f3f3333f33̙33333f333333f3333f3ffffff3f33ff3f3f3f3fff3ffffffffff3ffff̙fff3fffff3fff333f3f3ff3ff33f̙̙3̙ff̙̙̙3f̙3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3f3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3ffffffffff!___www4'A x(xKʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___wwwKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKKKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKJKKKsJnssssssnssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssJKJKKݼݻݻݻݼݵݻݵݻܻݻݼsKJKKݻsKJݻݻݻݻݼKKݼݼݼݼݼݻݻݻݻݻݻݼsKJݻݻݼݻKKݻݻݻݻݻݻsKJݻKKݻݼݼݻݼݻݻݻsKJݼݼݼݼJJKKݻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJsKJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKݼݼݻݼݻݻݼsKJݼݼKKݻݼݻݼݼsKJݼJJJJKKݻݼݼݻݼݻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJsKJݼJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKݻݻݼݻݼݼsKJݻKKݼݼݼݻݼݻݻݼsKJݼݼJJJKKݻݼݼݼݻݻݼݼJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJsKJݼJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKݻݼݼݻݼݻݻݼݻݼsKJݻݼKKݻݼݼݻݻݻݻݻݻJJJsKJݻݻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKݼݼݻݼݻݻݻݻݼJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJsKJݻݼݻݻKKݻݼݼݼݻݻݼݼݼsKJݼݼKKݻݼݼݻݼݼݻݻݼݻݻݻݼsKJݼݻݻݼKKݼݼݼݼݼsKJݼKKݼݼݻݼݻݻݻݼݻݼݼsKJݼݼKKݼݼݼ#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#JsKJݼKKݻݼݼݻݻݻݻݻݻݻݻݻݻݼsKJݻݻݻݻJJKKݼݻݼݼݻݻݵܻݻݼݼݻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJsKJݼݻݻݼݻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKݼݼݻݻݻݻݻݻݼݻݻܻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJsKJݻݻݻݼݼKKݼݼݻݼݼݻݻݻݻݻݻݻݻsKJݻݻݼݻKKݻݼݼݻݼݼݼݻݻݻݵܻݻݻݻsKJݼݻݻݼݼݻݻJJJKKݻݼݻݼݻݻݼݻݻݻݻݻݻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJsKJݼݻݼݻݻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKݼݼݻݼݻݻݻݻݻݻݻݼJJJJJJJJsKJݻݻݻݻݻݻJJJJKKݻݼݼݻݻݻݻݻݻsKJݼݼݼKKݼݼݻݼݻݻݻݻݻݻݼsKJݼݻݼKKݻݻݻݼݻݻݻݻݼݻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJsKJݼJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKݼݼݼݻݼݼݻݻݼݻݼJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJsKJݼݼJJKKݻݼݻݻݼݼݼsKJKKݼݼݻݼݼݻݻݼݼݼsKJݼKKݼݼK#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#J#K#sKJKKݻݼݻݻݼݼݻݻݼݻݼsKJݼKKݻݻݼݻݼݻݼݼݼsKJKKݼݼݼݻݻݼݼݻݼݻsKJݼKKݼݻݼݻݻݼݼsKJݻKKݻݼݼݻݻݼݻݻݼݻsKJݼKKݻݼݻݼݻݻݼݼsKJݼJKKݻݼݻݼݻݻݼݻݻݻݼJsKJݼݼJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKݼݼݻݻݻݼJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJsKJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKݼݼݼݻݼݻݻݼݼJJJJJJJsKJݼݼJJJJJJJJJJKKݼݻݻݻݼsKJJJKKݻݼݼݻݼݻݻݻݻݼJJsKJݼݻݻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKݻݼݻݻݻݻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJsKJݼݻݻJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKݻݼݻݼݼݵݼݻݻݻݻJJJJJsKJݼJJJJJJJJJKKݻݼݻݼݼݼݻݻݼݼsKJݼKKݼݼݼݼݼݼݻݻݻsKJݼݼKKݼݻݼݻݼݻݼsKJݼKKݻݼݼݼsKJKKݻݼݼݻݼݻݻsKJݻKKݻݻݻݻݻݼݼݵݻݵݼݻݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼݼnK)KJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKKssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssoughthorizon.com/archives/000277.phpz(warnetr@umsystem.edu6mailto:warnetr@umsystem.edu .schmidtkek@missouri.edu<mailto:schmidtkek@missouri.eduz (gettymk@missouri.edu6mailto:gettymk@missouri.edu`/ 0DArialno LinotypTT-ܖ 0ܖ"DPalatino LinotypeT-ܖ 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@``  @'Z     /Xb$l4UHzohb$~fO[Z /gh 0AAyU@83ʚ;ʚ;g4BdBd|N 0ppp@ <4dddd w 0T\- 80___PPT10 ?  %O  =/Peer Group Analysis: For Administrators Only?00Association of Institutional Research Forum San Diego, California May 29  June 1, 2005  YXWhy study peer group analysis?WAccountability Resource Allocation External/internal requests Organizational learning? WXLiterature ReviewModern comparative analysis developed in 1980s utilizing statistical analysis (Terenzini) Used primarily for financial purposes Expanded to use a wide range of performance indicators Graduation rates, employment rates, retention, salaries, enrollments, and faculty productivity 8Z_ZZ`O  4Literature Review (cont d)Three different types of peer groups Aspirational, peer, predetermined Peer analysis is subject to a number of limitations Descriptive data insufficient Varying definitions of variables Can limit institutional creativity Meaningful use of peer group analysisT%Z"Z4ZZ%"4% Research QuestionsWhat do we want comparative data to tell us? Do peer analyses drive institutional change processes, in particular, organizational learning? Why or why not?  MethodologyLarge Midwestern public Doctoral Extensive institution Qualitative Case Study Approach N = 10 upper, middle, and lower administrators Grounded theory (Theoretical FrameworksXPolitical (Bolman & Deal) Competition for resources Coalitions with differing missions &?? H  Learning organization Double-loop learning (Argyris & Schn) Defensive reasoning (Argyris) Phenomena ! Data ! Information ! Knowledge (Bagshaw) R{# * + ,6L:Argyris Double loop learning 2Bagshaw s Plant Structure    FindingsInstitutional Context Comparative reports required by upper administration for resource allocation Original allocation model abandoned Reporting requirement retained Reporting adapted based on divisional needs&  "Findings (cont d)[Three Overarching Themes Broad view of institutional data Use of data Organizational change&CC  Broad View of Institutional DatadAdministrators emphasize comparative data Mid-level administrators view comparative data as nested de  Use of DatavContribution of department to campus Resource allocation Internal goal setting and evaluation Desired uses Challenges  Organizational Change<Fiscal outweighs performance Internal competition Leadership ConclusionsInformation used from peer group analysis Level of teaching, research, and service Support for greater resource allocations Effectiveness and productivity Double-loop learning Defensive learning b*q(*q(Implications for IRXSaupe (1990) Objective, systematic, and thorough  the wisdom, integrity, and courage possessed by those who share the responsibilities of governance used to make decisions* ZZ  ~Volkwein (1999) Internal vs external duality Bagshaw (1999) Learning inhibited institution Phenomena ! Data ! Information ! Knowledge  Shape the intellectual expectations of the leadership xZZZZZ)Y 6Discussion and Questions Contact informationTara R. Warne (573) 884-6674 warnetr@umsystem.edu Kathy Schmidtke (573) 884-2241 schmidtkek@missouri.edu Kathleen Leonard-Getty (573) 882-4078 gettymk@missouri.edu Z$ZZ'ZZ%ZZ$'&  01  0Qh  0 0 L0    !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~;Root EntrydO)T@PicturesCurrent User/SummaryInformation((U      !"#$%'()*+,-./012345P:K<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJ&LOSQRWUVXYMZ[\PowerPoint Document(DocumentSummaryInformation8MsoDataStoreKBFE01CMIGRW==2 r@umsystem.edu .schmidtkek@missouri.edu<mailto:schmidtkek@missouri.eduz (gettymk@missouri.edu6mailto:gettymk@missouri.edu`/ 0DArialno LinotypTT-ܖ 0ܖ"DPalatino LinotypeT-ܖ 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@``  @'Z     /Xb$l4UHzohb$~fO[Z /gh 0AAyU@83ʚ;ʚ;g4BdBd|N 0ppp@ <4dddd w 0T\- 80___PPT10 ?  %O  =/Peer Group Analysis: For Administrators Only?00Association of Institutional Research Forum San Diego, California May 29  June 1, 2005 YYWhy study peer group analysis?WAccountability Resource Allocation External/internal requests Organizational learning? WXLiterature ReviewModern comparative analysis developed in 1980s utilizing statistical analysis (Terenzini) Used primarily for financial purposes Expanded to use a wide range of performance indicators Graduation rates, employment rates, retention, salaries, enrollments, and faculty productivity 8Z_ZZ`O  4Literature Review (cont d)Three different types of peer groups Aspirational, peer, predetermined Peer analysis is subject to a number of limitations Descriptive data insufficient Varying definitions of variables Can limit institutional creativity Meaningful use of peer group analysisT%Z"Z4ZZ%"4% Research QuestionsWhat do we want comparative data to tell us? Do peer analyses drive institutional change processes, in particular, organizational learning? Why or why not?  MethodologyLarge Midwestern public Doctoral Extensive institution Qualitative Case Study Approach N = 10 upper, middle, and lower administrators Grounded theory (Theoretical FrameworksXPolitical (Bolman & Deal) Competition for resources Coalitions with differing missions &?? H  Learning organization Double-loop learning (Argyris & Schn) Defensive reasoning (Argyris) Phenomena ! Data ! Information ! Knowledge (Bagshaw) R{# * + ,6L:Argyris Double loop learning 2Bagshaw s Plant Structure    FindingsInstitutional Context Comparative reports required by upper administration for resource allocation Original allocation model abandoned Reporting requirement retained Reporting adapted based on divisional needs&  "Findings (cont d)[Three Overarching Themes Broad view of institutional data Use of data Organizational change&CC  Broad View of Institutional DatadAdministrators emphasize comparative data Mid-level administrators view comparative data as nested de  Use of DatavContribution of department to campus Resource allocation Internal goal setting and evaluation Desired uses Challenges  Organizational Change<Fiscal outweighs performance Internal competition Leadership ConclusionsInformation used from peer group analysis Level of teaching, research, and service Support for greater resource allocations Effectiveness and productivity Double-loop learning Defensive learning b*q(*q(Implications for IRXSaupe (1990) Objective, systematic, and thorough  the wisdom, integrity, and courage possessed by those who share the responsibilities of governance used to make decisions* ZZ  ~Volkwein (1999) Internal vs external duality Bagshaw (1999) Learning inhibited institution Phenomena ! Data ! Information ! Knowledge  Shape the intellectual expectations of the leadership xZZZZZ)Y 6Discussion and Questions Contact informationTara R. Warne (573) 884-6674 warnetr@umsystem.edu Kathy Schmidtke (573) 884-2241 schmidtkek@missouri.edu Kathleen Leonard-Getty (573) 882-4078 gettymk@missouri.edu Z$ZZ'ZZ%ZZ$'&  01  0Qh  0rwnSn1{ (  v  Zhttp://thoughthorizon.com/archives/000277.phpZhttp://thItem   PropertiesQNP5EIW3QDQ==2 Item  UPropertiesYe" xmlns:ma="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2006/metadata/properties/metaAttributes"> ?ղ> This value indicates the number of saves or revisions. The application is responsible for updating this value after each revision. DocumentLibraryFormDocumentLibraryFormDocumentLibraryForm